The name supposedly derived from the word tattoo in Tahiti tatau. The word was first recorded by Western civilization in the expedition of James Cook in 1769. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, the oldest tattoos found on Egyptian mummies from the 20th century BC. Permanent mark made by inserting dye into the skin layer, found in almost all parts of the world.
In a note Ady Rosa, 48, professor of Fine Arts, State University of Padang, West Sumatra, there is a new tattoo in Egypt 1300 BC. According to master the fine arts, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), the Mentawai people are tattooing the body since their arrival to the west coast of Sumatra. Proto Malay nation is coming from mainland Asia (Indochina), the Metal Age, 1500 BC-500 BC.
''That means, Mentawai tattoo was the oldest in the world,''said Ady Rosa, who has 10 years of researching tattoos. In the Mentawai. Tattoos are known as titi. In research Ady Rosa, in addition to the Mentawai and Egypt, tattoos are also found in Siberia (300 BC), United Kingdom (54 BC), Haida Indians in America, the tribes of the Eskimo, Hawaiian and Marquesas Islands.
This tattoo culture, also found at the interest in Easter Island Rapa Nui, the Maori in New Zealand, the Dayak tribe in Kalimantan and Sumatra Sumba in the West. For the Mentawai people, tattoos are the spirit of life. Ady, who in 1992 traced the cultural center on the island of Siberut Mentawai, found at least four positions tattoo there.
One notch tattoo is to show identity and difference in social status or profession. Tattoos sikerei shaman, for example, is different with a tattoo expert hunting. Expert known for his pictures hunting animals catch, such as pigs, deer, monkeys, birds or crocodiles. Sikerei known from sibalu-balu star tattoos on his body. Arat Sabulungan saga is jokingly Ady said,''So, before the generals have a star, Mentawai shaman had first ....''
According to research Ady, which by two professors of ITB, AD Pirous and Primadi Tabrani, dubbed the''General''Tattoos, for the Mentawai people, tattoos also has a function as a symbol of nature's balance. In that society, objects such as rocks, animals and plants must be enshrined in the upper body. ''They regard all things have souls,''said Ady. Another function is the beauty of tattoos. Mentawai people are also free tattooing the body in accordance with his creativity.
The position is governed by the trust tattoo Mentawai tribe,''''Sabulungan Arat. The term comes from the word sa (se) or a collection, as well as bulung or leaves. A set of leaves that are arranged in a circle made of palm shoots, or thatch, are believed to have supernatural power or ketse beggar. This is then used as a medium of worship Kabagat Koat Tai (God of the Sea), Tai-leleu Ka (spirit forests and mountains), and Tai Ka Manua (spirit of the clouds).
Arat Sabulungan used in every ceremony of birth, marriage, medicine, moving house, and penatoan. When a boy enters puberty, the age of 11-12 years, parents call sikerei and rimata (chieftain). They will negotiate to determine the day and month penatoan implementation.
After that, the chosen sipatiti-tattoo artists. Sipatiti is not based on public appointments, such as shaman or chieftain, but professional men. Expertise should be paid with a pig. Before penatoan will be punen enegat, aka initiation ceremony led sikerei, in puturukat (sipatiti's gallery).
Body of boy who would then tattooed it began to be drawn by a stick. Sketch on the body was then pierced with a needle-stemmed wood. Wooden handle is beaten slowly with a wooden bat to insert dye into the skin layers. Dye used was a mixture of banana leaves and coconut shell charcoal.
Crow Borneo Penatoan early promise or paypay sakoyuan, was performed at the base of the arm. At the age of adulthood, followed by a pattern durukat tattoo on his chest, in the hands takep titi, titi rere on the thighs and legs, titi puso over his stomach, then titi teytey on the waist and back.
In conclusion Ady Rosa, Mentawai tattoo closely related to the Dong Son culture in Vietnam. Allegedly, this is where the Mentawai people are coming from. Of ancestral land, they sailed into the Pacific Ocean and New Zealand. As a result, a similar motif is also found in some tribes in Hawaii, the Marquesas Islands, the interest in Easter Island Rapa Nui, as well as the Maori in New Zealand.
Tattoos Mentawai More DemocraticIn Indonesia, according to Ady, Mentawai tattoo tradition is more democratic than in Borneo Dayak tattoo. In the Dayak culture, tattoo shows the status of a person's wealth.
Makin''tattooed, getting richer,''he said. After all, Baruamas Balumus newborn, 67 years, leaders of indigenous Dayak tribes Garden, said, in a tattoo there are aspects of the Dayak community other than a symbol of social strata. Tattoo''is a form of homage to the ancestors,''says a character named native Add Djanting it. An example is the tradition of tattooing in cultures Dayak Iban and Dayak Kayan. In both tribes, tattooing was believed as a symbol and a means to reveal the natural ruler. Tattoos are also believed to ward off evil spirits, and cast out spirits of disease or death.
Tattoos as a form of expression to God associated with the cosmological Dayak. For the Dayak people, nature is divided into three: upper, middle and bottom. The symbol that represents the cosmos above looks at the tattoo motif hornbills, moon and sun. The middle world, where human life, symbolized by the tree of life. While the dragon is a motif that shows the underworld.
Charles Hose, the British officer in the Office of the Sarawak Civil Service in 1884, diligently recorded the legends who believed the Dayak. In the book Natural Man, A Record from Borneo published by Oxford University Press, 1990, Charles Hose tells promise borneo crows and pheasants argus to each decorate their fur.
After Menstruation First In the legend, crow managed to seamlessly perform their duties. Unfortunately, pheasants are the dumb bird. Because they could not, finally argus pheasants crow asked to sit on top of a bowl of ink, then rubbed it around the body pheasants, scavengers that. Since then, supposedly, crows and pheasants have a coat color and''dressing''as it is now.
Broadly speaking, tattoos are found throughout the Dayak people. However, judging Hose, techniques and best tattoo designs have the Kayan tribe. For this tribe, penatoan only done if it fulfills certain requirements. For men, the process is done after he could penatoan mengayau enemy's head. The tradition of tattoos for men is slowly sinking in line with the ban mengayau.
Once there is a ban, tattoo appears only for the sake of aesthetics. Tradition tattoo not lost on the Eve. Now, they think of tattoos as a symbol of beauty and dignity. Although the Dayak community knows no caste, wealth tedak, aka women are not tattooed, considered to be lesser compared to the tattooed.
There are three kinds of tattoos are usually worn Kayan Dayak women. Among others tedak pads, which cover the entire foot and used as an adult. Others are tedak usuu throughout the hand, and tedak hapii across the thigh. Among the Dayak Kenyah, penatoan began when a woman aged 16 years, or after the first period.
Ceremonies performed in a special home. During penatoan, all men in the house should not be out of the house. In addition, all family members must also undergo a variety of abstinence. That said, if the taboo is broken, the safety of the tattooed person would be threatened. First, in order not to move children who tattooed, big dimples placed on top of him.
If the child to cry, crying to be done in a tone which is also specific strains. In the Dayak Iban society, tattoos depict social status. Chiefs, village heads, and the warlords themselves tattooed with the symbol the world over. The symbol of the underworld just ordinary people adorn the body. This motif is passed down from generation to generation to show the lines of kinship.
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